193 papers
In a high-burden setting in The Gambia, a prospective household cohort study revealed that mucosal IgA antibodies against the pre-fusion F protein are the strongest predictor of protection against RSV infection, outperforming serum IgG and highlighting the need for vaccines that elicit robust mucosal immunity.
This study demonstrates that culture-enriched metagenomic sequencing of matched gastrointestinal and bloodstream samples reveals greater within-patient diversity and uncovers transmission events of vancomycin-resistant *Enterococcus faecium* that are frequently missed by traditional clonal isolate-based surveillance.
This study demonstrates that the nasopharyngeal presence of *Dolosigranulum pigrum* is significantly more prevalent in healthy children compared to those with invasive pneumococcal disease and is also associated with male sex, suggesting a potential protective role in pediatric respiratory health.
This multi-omics study integrating plasma proteomics and metabolomics from children across four high-burden countries identifies unique immune and metabolic pathways while demonstrating that proteomics alone offers superior potential for accurately diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis compared to single-omics or combined models.
This study proposes a Bayesian framework that explicitly accounts for uncertainty in participants' ages within serocatalytic models, demonstrating that this approach yields more reliable estimates of the force of infection compared to the common practice of using age bin midpoints.
This study of 1,649 Vietnamese patients reveals a genotype 6-dominant hepatitis C epidemic with significant geographical and demographic substructure, highlighting widespread natural resistance—particularly in genotypes 2, 3, and specific genotype 6 subtypes—that challenges the efficacy of current pan-genotypic treatments and underscores the need for subtype-level molecular surveillance to guide national elimination strategies.
This target trial emulation study found that immediately reducing or suspending linezolid in response to mild or moderate peripheral neuropathy during the first six months of MDR/RR-TB treatment does not significantly compromise treatment success compared to continuing the full dose.
By analyzing over 85,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes linked to epidemiological data from Massachusetts, this study reveals that viral transmission is highly structured by age and setting—particularly concentrated in schools, colleges, and nursing facilities with young adults acting as key drivers of spread—while also demonstrating the impact of vaccination and providing guidelines for effective genomic surveillance.
The MINNE-LOVE study utilized high-frequency longitudinal sampling and multiomic sequencing to characterize the stability of the nasal microbiome and the dynamics of respiratory viral infections in children under five, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for defining host-virus-microbiome interactions.
This study demonstrates that treatment response in drug-resistant tuberculosis is asynchronous across biological domains, revealing that specific baseline inflammatory and transcriptional signatures predict incomplete structural and functional recovery, thereby highlighting the need for multidimensional endpoints to guide individualized patient management.
A prospective surveillance study in Kenyan pastoral health facilities revealed a high brucellosis prevalence of 15.2% among febrile patients, identifying school-age children (5–14 years) as a distinct high-risk group with a 31.0% prevalence rate, alongside significant geographic variation and associations with prolonged fever and muscle pain.
Based on Truveta EHR data from October 2020 to March 2026, respiratory virus-associated hospitalizations in the US declined slightly in February 2026 overall and among older adults due to reduced influenza and COVID-19 activity, while hospitalizations among children aged 0–4 increased slightly, driven primarily by a sharp rise in human metapneumovirus (HMPV).
Genomic surveillance in Malawi and South Africa reveals that a specific XDR Salmonella Isangi ST335 clade drives hospital outbreaks through environmental persistence and inter-hospital transmission, posing a significant future threat due to its potential to transfer resistance genes to dominant invasive serovars.
This study demonstrates that a baseline whole-blood transcriptional signature (mHR) based on DUSP3, GBP5, and TMBIM6 expression is a clinically useful biomarker specifically associated with the development of obstructive post-tuberculosis lung disease, offering potential applications for treatment targeting and prognostication.
Using a self-controlled case series analysis of over 268,000 older adults in England, this study demonstrates that influenza vaccination significantly reduces antibiotic prescribing, particularly for respiratory tract infections, during the peak influenza season.
This study uses a multi-strain mathematical model to demonstrate that while vaccination generally reduces infection incidence and slows antigenic evolution, specific conditions such as narrow cross-immunity or high efficacy against well-matched strains can paradoxically accelerate antigenic evolution, highlighting the need to carefully consider vaccine characteristics and implementation strategies to avoid undermining long-term effectiveness.
This longitudinal ecological study of 148 English local authorities from 2015 to 2024 reveals that rising child poverty rates are significantly associated with declining measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination uptake, suggesting that poverty reduction is essential for improving childhood immunization coverage.
This study demonstrates that East/Central/South African and West African lineages of Chikungunya virus elicit distinct transcriptional responses in primary human chondrocytes, with the West African lineage uniquely inducing gene expression patterns associated with chondrocyte de-differentiation, potentially explaining lineage-specific differences in joint pathology.
This study demonstrates that Puumala orthohantavirus infection dysregulates hyaluronan metabolism in human lung cells, leading to hyaluronan accumulation that correlates with pulmonary impairment and disease severity, thereby identifying hyaluronan as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for hantavirus-associated lung disease.
This case-control study of the Pakistani population found that while SP-A1 (rs1059047) and SP-D (rs3088308) polymorphisms are not significantly associated with overall tuberculosis susceptibility, the SP-D homozygous TT genotype may confer protection against latent TB infection.